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Purpose: Menstrual-cycle irregularity may have an important influence on the subsequent development of chronic diseases. Several risk factors for irregular menstrual cycles have been detected, including stress. Our aim was to exte...
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Purpose: Menstrual-cycle irregularity may have an important influence on the subsequent development of chronic diseases. Several risk factors for irregular menstrual cycles have been detected, including stress. Our aim was to extend research on the link between chronic stress and menstrual-cycle irregularity and to assess potential protective factors, such as dispositional resilience, which we hypothesize to be associated with the maintenance or promotion of a healthy menstrual cycle. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, data on 696 healthy women aged 20-40 years were obtained. The women completed measures of chronic stress, dispositional resilience and menstrual-cycle irregularity. Furthermore, potential confounds were assessed. Results: Of the participants, 383 (55%) reported no current use of hormonal contraceptives; 313 (45%) reported current use hormonal contraception and were included as a control group. The results suggest that in women not using hormonal contraception, chronic stress (OR=1.05, 95%CI=1.02-1.08, p=0.001) and dispositional resilience (OR=0.43, 95%CI=0.31-0.59, p<0.001) have a main effect on menstrual cycle regularity. In addition, women with greater dispositional resilience have reduced risk for irregular menstrual cycles in the face of low to moderate chronic stress; however, this association is changed at the highest level of chronic stress. Conclusions: These findings suggest that dispositional resilience may be a protective psychological trait that modulates reproductive functioning.
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Members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor(R) family maybe involved in the tissue remodeling that occurs in the primate corpus luteum (CL) during development and regression. As a first step towards addressing this issue, ...
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Members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor(R) family maybe involved in the tissue remodeling that occurs in the primate corpus luteum (CL) during development and regression. As a first step towards addressing this issue, studies assessed TNF ligand-R expression and regulation in CL collected from monkeys during the early (ECL, Days 3-5), mid (MCL, Days 7-8), mid-late (MLCL, Days 10-11), late (LCL, Days 14-16), and very late (VLCL, menses) luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. CL were also collected after gonadotropin and/or steroid ablation and replacement (with hLH and the progestin R5020) for 3 days at mid-late luteal phase. TNIF-alpha, -beta, FAS ligand (FASL), and TNF-R1 mRNA levels were two- to sixfold greater (P < 0.05) at the MLCL or LCL phase as compared to earlier (ECL, MCL). In contrast TNF-R2 and FAS, mRNA levels did not change during the luteal phase. Immunohistochemical staining for TNF-beta, TNF-R1, TNF-R2, FAS, and FASL was observed in luteal cells, whereas only TNF-beta staining was observed in endothelial cells. Several TNF-R components were influenced by LH and/or steroid ablation; notably, steroid ablation reduced (P < 0.05) luteal TNF-alpha, but not TNF-beta, mRNA levels, which was prevented by progestin treatment. In contrast, steroid ablation increased (P < 0.05) luteal cell immunostaining for FAS and FASL, which was reduced by progestin treatment. Thus, several members of the TNF R-ligand family are expressed in the primate CL in an LH- and/or progestin-dependent manner. Peak expression in the late luteal phase may signify a role for the TNF-R system in death receptor-mediated apoptosis during luteolysis.
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Estrogen has an important role in the reconstruction of a new vascular network in the endometrium during each menstrual cycle, however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) promotes vessel a...
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Estrogen has an important role in the reconstruction of a new vascular network in the endometrium during each menstrual cycle, however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) promotes vessel assembly, whereas Ang-2 and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) cause vessel breakdown To determine the potential effect of estrogen on the expression of these angioregulatory factors in the endometrium, Ang-1, Ang-2, TSP-1, and Tie-2 receptor mRNA levels were assessed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in glandular epithelial and stromal cells isolated from the endometrium of ovariectomized baboons treated acutely with estradiol Corresponding protein expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry and the proximity ligation assay (PLA) during advancing stages of the baboon menstrual cycle Serum estradiol levels in ovariectomized baboons were 400 pg/ml within 4-6 hr of estradiol treatment Ang-1 mRNA levels in glandular epithelial cells increased threefold (P<0 01) within 4 hr of estradiol administration In contrast, TSP-1 mRNA levels decreased four- to fivefold (P < 0 01) in endometnal glandular epithelial and stromal cells 4-6 hr after estradiol, whereas Ang-2 and Tie-2 expression was unaltered Immunostaining for Ang-1 increased, TSP-1 decreased, and Ang-2 and Tie-2 were unaltered in the endometrium during the secretory compared with the proliferative phase of the cycle Endometrial Ang-1 protein expression, quantified by PLA, increased 10-fold (P < 0 05) between the early proliferative and late proliferative/mid-secretory phases of the menstrual cycle in association with the rise in estrogen In summary, estrogen induced a rapid, divergent, and cell-specific change in expression of angiostimulatory and angioinhibitory growth factors in the endometrium of the nonhuman primate
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Background: Dietary changes during the menstrual cycle may be the result of the interference of female hormones on taste; however, little is known about this possible relationship.Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate ...
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Background: Dietary changes during the menstrual cycle may be the result of the interference of female hormones on taste; however, little is known about this possible relationship.Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the menstrual cycle on taste and food intake among young women.Patients and Methods: Fifty women at childbearing age were followed during three months. Body mass index was used to assess the anthropometric nutritional status. Dietary intake was assessed by applying six dietary records. The taste of volunteers was evaluated in the luteal (LP) and follicular phases (FP) of the menstrual cycle through taste-intensity and constant stimulation tests. In the LP, blood was collected for determination of female hormones, insulin and ghrelin. Data are presented using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation; ANOVA was used to compare means and significance level of 5% was adopted.Results: The anthropometric nutritional status of volunteers remained unchanged during the studied phases. Protein was consumed in smaller amounts (p <0.05) in the LP (LP: 66.66 ± 17.85 g/day and FP: 74.01 ± 16.57 g/day). The average intake of minerals such as potassium, calcium and magnesium were below of the recommendations, while sodium intake was above of the recommended values. In the LP, volunteers showed decreased sensitivity to acid taste. Positive associations in the LP were found between bitter taste perception and the following variables: energy intake (r=0.49; p=0.01), carbohydrate (r=0.46; p=0.01) and lipid (r=0.39; p=0.04). Positive association was found between bitter taste perception and insulin (r=0.36, p=0.04) and negative association between ghrelin and acid taste perception (r=-0.36, p=0.04).Conclusions: The menstrual cycle changed the acid taste perception, which can affect the food choices in the luteal phase and suggests that hormones insulin and ghrelin can influence taste perception, controlling food intake.
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Unique CD16(-) natural killer (NK) cells appear in the human cycling endometrium and acutely increase in number after ovulation. Selective recruitment from peripheral blood (PB) CD16(-) NK cells is a potential mechanism for the po...
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Unique CD16(-) natural killer (NK) cells appear in the human cycling endometrium and acutely increase in number after ovulation. Selective recruitment from peripheral blood (PB) CD16(-) NK cells is a potential mechanism for the postovulatory increase of these NK cells. The interaction between selectin L, an adhesion molecule playing a critical role in leukocyte extravasation, and its ligands may be involved in this phenomenon. We investigated the menstrual cycle-dependent fluctuation of selectin L expression on PB CD16(-) NK cells and selectin L ligand expression in the human endometrial endothelium. The expression of selectin L on PB CD16(-) NK cells was constantly high throughout the menstrual cycle compared with other PB CD16(+) NK cells and non-NK lymphocytes. Among eight selectin L ligands examined, podocalyxin-like, mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MADCAM1) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 2 (CSPG2) were localized in the endometrial endothelium. Semiquantitative score of immunostaining intensity in the endometrial endothelium for MADCAM1 was highest in the late secretory phase, whereas that for CSPG2 peaked throughout the secretory phase. There was a strong positive correlation between the number of endometrial NK cells and the semiquantitative score for CSPG2. Three active isoforms of CSPG2 mRNA were detected in the human endometrium. These findings support the idea that the interaction between selectin L and selectin L ligands functions in the postovulatory selective recruitment of PB CD16(-) NK cells into the human endometrium.
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Although more than thirty years of intensive investigation have passed since McClintock first published results on menstrual synchrony, there is still no conclusive evidence for the existence of this phenomenon. Indeed, a growing ...
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Although more than thirty years of intensive investigation have passed since McClintock first published results on menstrual synchrony, there is still no conclusive evidence for the existence of this phenomenon. Indeed, a growing body of nullresult studies, critiques of menstrual synchrony studies, and the lack of convincing evolutionary explanations bring into question the existence of this phenomenon. This paper presents results of a study conducted over five consecutive months in Polish student dormitories. In 18 pairs and 21 triples of college-age women, menstrual synchrony was not found. Social interactions, considered the most important factor mediating the effect of menstrual synchrony, was unrelated to any difference in menstrual cycle onsets. Initial menstrual onset difference was influenced by woman’s body mass and menstrual cycle irregularity. These results provide further evidence that women do not synchronize their menstrual cycles.
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Simple SummaryThe purpose of this study was to delve more deeply into the medium and long-term relationship between mRNA-based vaccines and changes in menstrual pain, cycle length, and amount of bleeding in Spanish women. A total ...
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Simple SummaryThe purpose of this study was to delve more deeply into the medium and long-term relationship between mRNA-based vaccines and changes in menstrual pain, cycle length, and amount of bleeding in Spanish women. A total of 746 women (63% between 18–30 and 37% between 31–45 years old) participated in the study. Sixty-five per cent of the women perceived changes in their menstrual cycle after receiving the vaccines, irrespective of the type of vaccine or number of doses the novelty of the present study is that it confirms that menstrual cycle alterations in this sample could last more than 5 months after vaccination.
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Objective: To assess the variability of antimüllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations in women with "adequate ovarian reserve" during unstimulated menstrual cycles and to determine the impact on clinical classifications. Design: Pil...
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Objective: To assess the variability of antimüllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations in women with "adequate ovarian reserve" during unstimulated menstrual cycles and to determine the impact on clinical classifications. Design: Pilot cohort study. Setting: Private fertility clinic. Patient(s): Twelve consecutive women (aged 29 to 43 years) referred to a fertility service, with AMH measurements repeated throughout unstimulated cycle, and who had at least one AMH measurement indicating "adequate ovarian reserve." Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): AMH concentrations assessed in 82 serum samples from 12 women compared against the published cutoffs for reduced ovarian reserve and for risk of excessive response to ovarian stimulation. Result(s): Over half the women (7 of 12) were reclassified as a result of testing AMH concentrations at different phases of the menstrual cycle. Over one-third (4 or 5 of 12) crossed a cutoff for reduced ovarian reserve; 2 of 12 crossed cutoffs predicting hyperstimulation. There was a statistically significant change in AMH concentration according to the day of the cycle, with a negative trend of the median AMH concentration from the follicular to luteal phase. The maximum change in median AMH concentration over cycle was 7.9 pmol/L, and the mean difference between the maximum and minimum AMH was 6.7 pmol/L. Conclusion(s): In this pilot study, the AMH concentration varied during menstrual cycle, and the clinical classification of the ovarian response was altered.
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Background: Adolescents (10-19 years) constitute 21.3% of total pop-ulation of India. Major biological milestone in this period is the be-ginning of menstruation The men-strual cycle are characterized by variability in volume, pat...
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Background: Adolescents (10-19 years) constitute 21.3% of total pop-ulation of India. Major biological milestone in this period is the be-ginning of menstruation The men-strual cycle are characterized by variability in volume, pattern and regularity. There are few research on menstrual pattern of adolescent girls. Hence this study will high-light the menstrual pattern and fac-tors affecting it. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study in schools under Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh was undertaken. A total of 422 girls were taken by systematic random sampling with probability propor-tionate to size. Data was analysed statistically by bivariate analysis and multivariate (binary) logistic model by backward LR method us-ing SPSS Version 20. Results: 39.1% of girls experienced irregular cycle. Heavy bleeding was reported by 25.6% girls and 18.7% had scanty bleeding. Irregular cycle was 4.25 times in underweight and 2.19 times in overweight/obese compared to normal body mass in-dex. There was 46% reduction in ir-regular cycle for those who attained menarche for more than 2 years. Conclusion: There are many host factors which influence menstrual pattern in girls. These factors in-creases the girls risk for various re-productive disorders in future.
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